Geology, New York State, 1974

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Abstract: This dataset is a digital representation of the King and Beikman map. In 1974 the U.S. Geological Survey published a new Geologic Map of the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii) on a scale of 1:2,500,000, which was compiled between 1967 and 1971 by Philip B. King and Helen M. Beikman, with geologic cartography by Gertrude J. Edmonston.

Purpose: (from King and Beikman, 1974b) The map displays the rocky foundations on which our of investigation of this foundation by a succession of geologists. It is thus a reference work that present and future geologists of the country can consult and is of prime importance in the education of earth scientists in schools and colleges. Further, it can be consulted by geologists in other countries and continents who wish to learn about the geology of the United States; they will compare the map with similar national or continental maps of their own countries. In terms of resources useful to man, the Geologic Map lays out accurately the major regions of bedrock in New York State upon which many facets of our economy depend. It illustrates the areas of stratified rocks that are the sources of most of our fuels, and the areas of crystalline, plutonic, and volcanic rocks that contain important parts of mineral wealth. The map shows areas of complex folding and faulting, parts of which are still tectonically unstable and subject to earthquake hazards. To some extent the bedrock represented on the map also influences surface soils, which are of interest in agriculture and engineering works. Beyond this, the practical value of the map is less tangible, although it can be an important tool for the discerning user. Clearly, the map will not pinpoint the location of the next producing oil well or the next bonanza mine, nor will it give specific advice for the location of a dam or reactor site; these needs can only be satisfied by maps on much larger scales, designed for specific purposes. Nevertheless, the sapient exploration geologist can find upon it significant regional features not apparent to the untrained user. Many great petroleum pools occur in stratigraphic traps, or "wedge belts of porosity," caused by overlap or truncation, the regional occurrence of which can be seen on the map. Important mineral deposits cluster along regional tectonic trends or chains of plutons of specific ages. Finally, the Geologic Map will be used in national planning activities in conjunction with other national maps showing environmental features such as climate, vegetation, and land use --for the location of power transmission corridors, highways, National Parks, wilderness areas, reclamation projects, and the like.

Supplemental_Information: The map of King and Beikman (1974a) was digitized by the USGS (Schruben et al.). The linework was captured by hand digitizing as well as scanning from the paper map and negatives. The digital map was assembled and edited in ARC/INFO on a state-by-state basis, which caused some edge-matching problems. The final mosaic was adjusted several times to correct for registration problems. The coastline was taken from the 1:200,000,000 scale Digital Line Graph data (USGS, 1987), generalized to 1 km. Revisions Reviews_Applied_to_Data Related_Spatial_and_Tabular_Data_Sets: None. References_Cited King, Philip A. and Helen M. Beikman, 1974a, USGS Geologic Map of the United States , Washington, D.C.: U.S.Government Printing Office. <https://web.archive.org/web/19980517081154/http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/kb/pp901.txt> Philip B. King and Helen K. Beikman, 1974b, Explanatory Text to Accompany the Geologic Map of the United States, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Schruben, Paul G., Raymond E. Arndt, and Walter J. Bawiec, Geology of Coterminous United States: Digital Representation of King and Beikman 1974, USGS Digital Data Series DDS-11 <https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds11/>

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Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned

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Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://cugir-data.s3.amazonaws.com/00/27/08/preview.png

Browse_Graphic_File_Description: preview of the dataset

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG

Citation_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Construction of a geologic map of an area as large and complex as the conterminous United States requires a great deal of generalization: geologic units shown on larger scale maps are combined into broader map units and their contacts are simplified to produce a pattern that is legible at the scale of publication. The process of generalization used in the compilation of the Geologic Map of the United States is described in King and Beikman (1974a, p. 20). Furthermore, the Geologic Map of the United States is primarily a bedrock map, which depicts geologic materials present beneath the soil or relatively thin mantles of surficial deposits, not necessarily the surficial materials themselves. For example, the map does not depict the glacial deposits in the northern States, the widespread eolian deposits in the High Plains, and the high-level gravels that mantle older Tertiary and pre-Tertiary units in much of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains. For more information See Entity_Attribute_Information.

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Entity_Type_Label: geologoy_ny_1974

Entity_Type_Definition: geological map polygons

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Fees: None

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