Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Point estimates of precipitation from the U.S. National 1961-1990 Climate Normals were subjected to manual quality control checks by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). PRISM precipitation estimates were reviewed by the PRISM Evaluation Group, a panel of climatologists, meteorologists, and hydrologists. The task of this group was to assess the assumptions made by the model and compare model output with the best available precipitation maps from several western States. The group found that the PRISM maps equaled or exceeded the accuracy of the best maps available.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University
Publication_Date: 1998
Title: Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM)
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Corvallis, OR, USA
Publisher: Spatial Climate Analysis Service
Type_of_Source_Media: proprietary software
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1994
Ending_Date: 1998
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: PRISM
Source_Contribution: PRISM was used to create gridded estimates of precipitation from point observations and digital elevation model data. For a more detailed description of the PRISM process, see <
http://www.ocs.orst.edu/prism/gen_toc.html>.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University
Publication_Date: 1998
Title: Gaussian Filter
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Corvallis, OR, USA
Publisher: Spatial Climate Analysis Service
Type_of_Source_Media: proprietary software
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1994
Ending_Date: 1998
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: FILTER
Source_Contribution: The Gaussian filter was used to change the resolution of raster data from 4 km to 2 km. The Gaussian filter was implemented as custom software written in FORTRAN. For information about Gaussian filters see: Barnes, Stanley L., 1964; A Technique for Maximizing Details in Numerical Weather Map Analysis. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 3, 396- 409.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
Publication_Date: 1991
Title: U.S. National 1961-1990 Climate Normals, Climatography of the United States No. 81 - Monthly Normals
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Asheville, NC, USA
Publisher: National Climatic Data Center
Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19610101
Ending_Date: 19901231
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CLIM81
Source_Contribution: Location and values of known average annual precipitation.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
Publication_Date: 1991
Title: Cooperative Snow Survey Data of Federal-State-Private Cooperative Snow Surveys (SNOTEL)
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Cooperative Snow Survey Data of Federal-State-Private Cooperative Snow Surveys
Issue_Identification: Annual issue for Western US states
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Portland, OR, USA
Publisher: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Type_of_Source_Media: database, paper, and online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19610101
Ending_Date: 19901231
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SNOTEL
Source_Contribution: Location and values of known average monthly and annual precipitation.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Water and Climate Center
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title: Local precipitation monitoring networks
Type_of_Source_Media: digital files
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19610101
Ending_Date: 19901231
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LOCAL
Source_Contribution: Location and values of known average annual precipitation.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Defense Mapping Agency
Publication_Date: 1985
Title: 1:250,000-scale Digital Elevation Models (DEM)
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, DC
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Type_of_Source_Media: digital files
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1985
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM
Source_Contribution: Terrain surface input to the PRISM model for estimation of precipitation between known points.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 1999
Title: State Boundaries of the United States
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1999
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Atlas-ST
Source_Contribution: This file was used to determine the boundary of the data included.
Process_Step:
Process_Description: The DEM resolution was changed to 4 km using the Gaussian filter.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: FILTER
Process_Date: 199804
Process_Step:
Process_Description: All the station data was combined into one master data set.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CLIM81
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SNOTEL
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LOCAL
Process_Date: 199804
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Data from CLIM81, SNOTEL, and LOCAL were incorporated into the PRISM model and combined with the DEM to produce the initial 4 km-resolution PRISM model output.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: PRISM
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CLIM81
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SNOTEL
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LOCAL
Process_Date: 199804
Process_Step:
Process_Description: The PRISM model output was converted from 4 km to 2 km using a Gaussian filter.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: FILTER
Process_Date: 199804
Process_Step:
Process_Description: The 2 km raster data was contoured using Arc/INFO.
Process_Date: 199804
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Adjacent isohyets were converted to areas or polygons using a custom- designed macro (AML) in Arc/INFO.
Process_Date: 199804
Process_Step:
Process_Description: The coverage was created by the Spatial Climate Analysis Service using custom software. The Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Cartography and Geospatial Center edited the file in Arc/INFO to match the coastlines and boundaries (Atlas-ST) from the National Atlas of the United States. The data were converted to shapefile format for inclusion in the National Atlas of the United States.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Atlas-ST
Process_Date: 200002
Process_Step:
Process_Description: In order to geoprocess spatial files for New York State from the National Atlas Data for distribution in CUGIR, the nationwide data files were added to a map document in ArcInfo 8.2. Using the geoprocessing wizard's clip function, the spatial files were clipped to the detailed New York polygon.
Process_Date: 200012